Mehmed Bir Cihan Fatihi Episode 6 with Urdu Subtitles
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SULTAN MUHAMMAD FATEH (MEHMED) (Turkish: Mehmed the Conqueror), (considered March 30, 1432, Adrianople, Thrace, Ottoman Empire—kicked the can May 3, 1481, Hunkârçayırı, close Maltepe, near Constantinople), Ottoman ruler from 1444 to 1446 and from 1451 to 1481. An inconceivable military pioneer, he got Constantinople and vanquished the districts in Anatolia and the Balkans that fused the Ottoman Empire’s heartland for the going with four centuries.
Early Years And First Reign
Mehmed was the fourth family of Murad II by a slave juvenile. At 12 years of age, he was sent, as uncommonly required, to Manisa (Magnesia) with his two aides. The equivalent year, his father set him on the seat at Edirne and surrendered. During his first standard (August 1444–May 1446), Mehmed expected to go confronting grave external and inward crises. The pioneer of Hungary, the pope, the Byzantine Empire, and Venice—all on edge to misuse the expansion of a child to the Ottoman seat—winning with respect to sifting through a Crusade. Edirne was the district of awful rivalry between the staggering surprising vizier Çandarlı Halil, according to one perspective, and the viziers Zaganos and Şihâbeddin, on the other, who ensured that they were guaranteeing the benefits of the youth ruler. In September 1444 the military of the Crusaders crossed the Danube. In Edirne, this news set off a butcher of the Christian-influenced Ḥurūfī request and evoked a zone of aggravation and unlawful conflagrations tendencies. Right when the Crusaders laid assault to Varna, the staggering ruler’s father was moved nearer to come back from retirement in Bursa and lead the military. The Ottoman victory at Varna under Murad II (November 10, 1444) shut down the crises. Mehmed II, who had stayed in Edirne, kept up the seat, and after the battle, his father offered up to Manisa. Zagros and Şihâbeddin then began to instigate the youth ruler to attempt the catch of Constantinople, yet Çandarlı made a revolt of the Janissaries and returned to Murad II to Edirne to proceed with the seat (May 1446).. There Mehmed continued trusting himself to be the authentic ruler.
Second Accession In 1451
On his father’s passing, Mehmed climbed the seat for the second time in Edirne (February 18, 1451). His mind was accumulated with the chance of the catch of Constantinople. Europe and Byzantium, reviewing his past rule, were then not centered around essentially over his diagrams. Nor was his capacity relentlessly settled inside the zone. In any case, he was not long in showing his height by truly repelling the Janissaries who had left to give him over the deferral of the standard improvement of progress. Regardless he strengthened this military collusion, which will no ifs, ands or buts be the instrument of his future triumphs. He introduced the most remarkable plan to all the central fundamental and military procedures for the catch of Constantinople. To keep Venice and Hungary sensible, he checked truces inconceivable for them. He experienced the year 1452 basically in building the post of Boğazkesen (later Rumeli Hisarı) for the control of the Bosporus, in building an oceanic intensity of 31 galleys, and in predicting new weapon of epic bore. He made the Hungarian ace gunsmith, Urban, cast weapons of a size diminish beginning at starting late even in Europe. Meanwhile, the fabulous vizier Çandarlı battled against the endeavor, and during the trap of Constantinople (April 6–May 29, 1453), the invalidating sees were voiced in two war chambers amassed at basic focuses in time. Zagros enthusiastically absolved the proposition to raise the snare. He was given the endeavor of setting up the last unprecedented trap. The president, Mehmed II himself, upon the nearness of the snare in a short time orchestrated the assignments against the enter opened in the city divider by his weapon. The day after the catch of the city, Çandarlı was gotten and soon a brief timeframe later was executed in Edirne. He was displaced by Zaganos, who had become Mehmed’s father-in-law. Mehmed had expected to consent to a three-day sack of the city, in any case, before the evening of the basic day after its catch, he renounced his mentioning. Entering the city at the head of a motorcade, he went direct to Hagia Sophia and changed over it into a mosque. A brief timeframe later he made benevolent foundations and gave 14,000 gold ducats for each annum for the upkeep and relationship of the mosque.
One of the tasks on which Mehmed II set his heart was the recovery of the city, after a short time clearly called Istanbul, as a splendid capital of general space. To invigorate the nearness of the Greeks and the Genoese of Galata (the trading quarter of the city), who had fled, he reestablished their homes and outfitted them with assertions of security. In order to repopulate the city, he emptied Muslim and Christian gatherings in Anatolia and the Balkans and obliged them to settle in Constantinople. He restored the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate (January 6, 1454) and set up a Jewish confusing rabbi and an Armenian patriarch in the city. What’s more, he created and asked his viziers to create, unmistakable Muslim affiliations and business foundations in the standard area of Constantinople. From these centers, the city developed rapidly. According to a diagram did in 1478, there were then in Constantinople and neighboring Galata 16,324 nuclear families and 3,927 shops. Following fifty years, Constantinople had become the best city in Europe.
Mehmed’s Empire
The catch of Constantinople introduced on Mehmed special miracle and hugeness and enormous expert in his own country, with the objective that he began to believe himself to be the recipient of the Roman Caesars and the victor of Islam in sanctified war. It isn’t right that he had lopsided structures for his victories, regardless it is certain that he was needed in the wake of restoring the Eastern Roman Empire and in the wake of extending it to its vastest fundamental cutoff communities. His victory over the Turkmen head Uzun Ḥasan at the Battle of Tashkent in Erzincan (August 11, 1473) set apart in Mehmed’s life a basic intersection as huge as the catch of Constantinople, and it fixed his control over Anatolia and the Balkans.
Mehmed had perceived the title of Kayser-I Rum (Roman Caesar) and, simultaneously, delineated himself as “the master of the two districts and the two seas” (i.e., Anatolia and the Balkans, the Aegean and Black seas), a task that reflected his idea of the space. During the 25 years after the fall of Constantinople, he understood an improvement of fights or crusades in the Balkans, Hungary, Walachia, Moldavia, Anatolia, the island of Rhodes, and even like the Crimean Peninsula and Otranto in southern Italy. This last endeavor (1480) indicated that he wanted to assault Italy in another undertaking at stirring up a world space. The going with spring, having beginning late began another fight in Anatolia, he kicked the compartment 15.5 miles (25 km) from Constantinople. Gout, from which he had regretted over some time, in his last days, tortured him horrifyingly, yet there are signs that he was hurt.
During the autocrat’s last years, his relations with his most settled youngster Bayezid ended up being worried, as Bayezid didn’t everything considered consent to his mentioning. Mehmed’s budgetary measures occurred as proposed, around the finish of his standard, in wide discontent all through the country, especially when he spread as military fiefs around 20,000 towns and homes that had beginning late had a spot with committed foundations or the landed fairness. In this manner, at his passing, the savants set Bayezid on the seat, discarding the ruler’s upheld kid, Cem (Jem), and began a reaction against Mehmed’s systems.
Achievements
The vanquisher refreshed the Ottoman government and, considering the way that, mentioned the criminal law and the laws relating to his subjects in a solitary code, at any rate, the constitution was explained in another, the two codes molding the point of convergence of all after foundation. In the total dictator character of the vanquisher, the standard image of an Ottoman padishah (head) was imagined. He repelled with the most phenomenal genuineness the people who disavowed his declarations and laws, and even his Ottoman assistants considered him incredibly hard.
A little while later, Mehmed may be seen as the most remarkable and freethinking of the Ottoman rulers. After the fall of Constantinople, he amassed Italian humanists and Greek analysts at his court; he caused the patriarch Gennadius II Scholarios to make a viewpoint out of the Christian confirmation and had it changed over into Turkish; he gathered in his domain a library of works in Greek and Latin. He considered Gentile Bellini from Venice to impel the dividers of his domain with frescoes similarly as to paint his portrayal (in the long run in the National Gallery, London). Around the sublime mosque that he delivered, he raised eight colleges, which, for about a century, kept their situation as the most raised showing relationship of the Islamic sciences in the space. Now and again, he accumulated the ʿulamāʾ, or indicated Muslim educators, and made them look at serious issues in his substance. In his standard, science, space science, and Musl
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